Contribution of Endoscopy to the Diagnosis of Anorectal Pathology in N'Djamena: An Analysis of Explorations in 842 Patients
Mayanna Habkréo *
Service de Medecine Interne et Gastroenterologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Reference Nationale, N’Djamena, Tchad.
Mairé Dehainssala
Service de Medecine Interne et Gastroenterologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Reference Nationale, N’Djamena, Tchad.
Mahamat Ali Hachim
Service de Medecine Interne et Gastroenterologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Reference Nationale, N’Djamena, Tchad.
Adama Ngaré
Service de Medecine Interne et Gastroenterologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Reference Nationale, N’Djamena, Tchad.
Tahir Mahamat Saleh
Service de Medecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Renaissance, N’Djamena, Tchad.
Ali Mahamat Moussa
Service de Medecine Interne et Gastroenterologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Reference Nationale, N’Djamena, Tchad.
Alain Bougouma
Service de Gastroenterologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Introduction: Anorectal disorders, often unacknowledged, are common in gastroenterology consultations. Anorectoscopy plays a vital role in their diagnosis. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of anorectal pathology in N'Djamena hospitals.
Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study spread over 10 years (January 01, 2014 to December 31, 2023). The digestive endoscopy unit of CHU-RN served as our setting. The data were collected from the register of anorectoscopy reports. All usable reports were included. Sphinx and SPSS software were used for data analysis.
Results: A total of 948 anorectoscopies were performed out of a total of 1052 lower GI endoscopies. Eight hundred and forty-two (842) presented lesions (88.8%). The mean age of patients was 49 years, with extremes of 18 and 84 years. Male predominance was observed, with a sex ratio of 3. Hematochezia was the most common indication in 52.9% of cases, followed by proctalgia (41.7%). Endoscopic lesions were dominated by hemorrhoidal disease (46.7%), erosive anites (16.1%) and rectitis (10.%). A statistically significant relationship was found between hematochezia and hemorrhoidal disease. Anorectal tumors were poorly represented (7.9%).
Conclusion: Anorectal diseases are frequent and present a clinical and lesional polymorphism, dominated in our context by haemorrhoidal disease.
Keywords: Anorectal pathology, hematochezia, anorectoscopy, Chad